Common physical biometrics include fingerprints, hand geometry, retina, iris and facial characteristics। Behavioural characteristics include signature, voice, keystroke pattern and gait.
Spurred by security concerns raised after the 9/11 WTC attacks, many countries, led by the US, decided to move towards biometric passports. Some of the other fields using biometrics are enterprise-wide network security infrastructures, government IDs, secure electronic banking, investment and other financial transactions, retail sales, law enforcements, even health and social services.
Among various biometric technologies, fingerprints cover about 80% of Indian biometric market, hand geometry another 10%, iris and retina scanners 5% and voice recognition systems 5%. Presently, career opportunities in India in biometrics are high in research and development, especially in software development, retail, product application and security consultancy, but not as yet in manufacturing. Manufacturing of biometric devices is still nascent in India.
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